![]() I find this gives a better gist of the language and more convincingly communicates how it represents an advancement over Java than open-ended statements like “it’s a safer, more concise language.” ![]() Rather than give a sweeping, high-level look at how Kotlin compares to its predecessor I think it’s more enlightening to take a look at specific modern programming concepts it introduces. I say “informally” because an appeal - arguably the main appeal - of Kotlin to Google is that unlike Java it is not licensed by hostile big tech competitor Oracle, with whom Google has been embroiled in a decade-long legal battle over the seminal role of unlicensed Java APIs in the development of Android OS. We’ll get into some examples of what that means in detail below. Informally described as a “modernized Java,” Kotlin features much functionality absent in Java but which will be familiar to someone with a background in other modern languages, for example ES6 JavaScript. Over the next decade this is likely to change as the old paradigm is gradually phased out and Kotlin comes into full prominence. New code is typically written in Kotlin alongside legacy code maintained in Java, necessitating that an Android developer be well-versed in both at the present time. Built to be fully interoperable with Java to facilitate industry-wide adoption and easy, gradual migration, Kotlin is able to coexist in a previously monolithic Java environment. Kotlin is Google’s chosen successor to Java for Android app development. The former is a venerable language with broad application outside Android development but if you’re new to Android you may not be familiar with Kotlin. Starting out in the Android development space you’ll hear about two languages: Java and Kotlin. Java Comparison: Introductory Differences
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